Analysis of Sentence

Sentence: A sentence is a collection of words so arranged as to express one complete affirmation or assertion . Every sentence must have a Finite Verb .

Clause : A clause is that part of sentence which contains a subject and a predicate of its own.

A sentence or a clause consists of two principal parts - The Subject and the Predicate.

1) Simple Sentence : A simple sentence contains one subject and one predicate only.
a) He became a king .
2) Complex Sentence: A complex sentence contains one Principal clause joined to one or more Subordinate Clause which explains or modifies it.
a) A king was very sad , because his enemies had invaded his country and were cruel to his people .

This sentence has three clause as it has three Finite verbs:
1) A king was very sad .
2) Because his enemies has invaded his country .
3) (Because his enemies ) were cruel to his people .
3) Compound Sentence : A Compound Sentence contains two or more complete sentence or independent propositions ,connecting by Coordinating Conjunctions .
a) He called me , but I did not go.
This sentence has two clause which have meanings independently:
1) He called me.
2) I did not go.

A) Simple Sentence:

The important points are:
1) Subject
a) Subject-proper
b) Enlargement of the Subject

2) Predicate
a) Finite Verb
b) Object and its enlargement
c) Complement and its enlargement
d) Adverbial adjuncts

Examples
1) He was a pious man.
2) This great man died at the age of eighty .
3) Students from far off countries flocked to the Nalanda University for admission.
4) Tulsidas , the great Hindi poet, lived in the sixteen century .
5) My uncle gave me a watch .
6) All the members of the team elected him captain.

B) Complex Sentence

A Complex Sentence contains one Principal clause and one or more Subordinate Clauses.Subordinate Clauses are divided into Noun Clauses , Adjective Clauses and Adverb Clauses.

1) The Noun Clause
The noun clause occupies the place of the Noun in the sentence as Subject or the Object of the Principal clause, as Object of a Preposition, as Complement of a Verb , as Case in Apposition to some Noun.
It is used as follows :
a) The Subject of the Verb:
That he has failed surprises me.
Whether he will come or not is uncertain.
When he will come is not certain.
Where he has gone is not known to me.

b) The Object of a Transitive Verb:
He earned whatever he could .
Can you tell me where he lives .
He says that he is working hard.
Ask if he will come.

c) The Object of a Preposition:
You must attend to what I say.
There is no way out except that he should obey.
I see no meaning in what you say.
All depends on how you behave.

d) Complement of a Verb:
His great delight was that he passed the examination.
Life is what you make it.
His opinion will be that you should be excused.
They made him what he wanted to be.

e) Case in Apposition to a Noun or the Pronoun 'it' :
His opinion that Mohan is not a good boy is wrong.
Your belief that there are ghosts seems mistaken.
We believe in your statement that you did not insult him.
It is certain that he will give me  a watch.

2) The Adjective Clause:

When a clause limits or qualifies a Noun or Pronoun , it is of the nature of an Adjective.
The Adjective clause should be introduced by Relative Pronoun or Relative Adverb .
The Adjective Clause must always have a Subject which it qualifies.

a) Relative Pronouns :
This is the boy who stole my watch .
The dog that bit the boy has died.
I have lost my pen which my brother gave me .
Here is the boy whose books were lost.
I know the man whom you sent to me this morning.
This is such a nice pen as I would like to have .
He is the same boy as I would like to meet.
All that glitters is not gold.
This is the house in which he lives .
This is the pen with which I would like to write .
Here comes the man to whom you were speaking .
The boy from whom I borrowed this book is a friend of mine.

b) Relative Adverbs:
There was a time when there was no railways.
He has run away to a place where no one can find him .
This is not the way how you should behave.
Casabianca stood on the burning deck whence all but he had fled .
He has come from a place whither no one has yet been.

3) The Adverb Clause :
Adverb clause does the work of an Adverb and modifies some Verb, Adjective or Adverb in another clause .
Adverb clause are introduced mostly by Subordinating Conjuctions.

1) Adverb Clauses of Time :
He wept when he saw a naked beggar .
While he was sleeping they carried him to an unknown place.
We reached the school before the bell had rang.
Every time the Sadhu picked it up, the scorpian stung him.
As soon as he saw him, he got ready to flight.

2) Adverb Clause of Place :
Horses can go where even cart cant go .
We followed him wherever he went.

3) Adverb Clause of Purpose:
He sold his house in order that he might make a profit.
He works hard that he may pass .
Work hard lest you should fail.

4) Adverb Clause of Reason or Cause:
It is cold at night because there is no sun to warm us.
As the enemy has invaded his country , the king was very sad.
They were glad that their wicked enemy was so well punished.

5) Adverb Clause of Condition:
If we take care of them , they will serve us well .
You cannot succeed unless you work hard.
I shall excuse you provided that you come punctually in future.
' I can come in case every thing is ready .

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